Feed-in Tariff (FiT) in Thailand: How Solar and Wind Pricing Works

Thailand’s 2022 FiT scheme covers 5,203 MW across solar, wind, and biogas — but solar with battery storage (1,200 MW) is already fully subscribed, and December 2024 saw the National Energy Policy Council defer 3,668 MW of pending contracts over public-interest concerns (Nation Thailand, 2024). For developers, investors, and commercial operators, understanding this energy policy is non-negotiable.

Whether you’re scoping a wind project in the south, a ground-mount solar farm in the central plains, or a community solar installation, the rate you’ll earn and the agency you’ll deal with depend on which program still has open quota. Here’s the full picture.

TL;DR: Thailand’s 2022 FiT pays ground-mount solar 2.1679 THB/kWh and wind 3.1014 THB/kWh under 25-year non-firm PPAs (ERC, Sep 2022). Solar+storage quota is full. The 3,668 MW 2024 round is in renegotiation. A new 1,500 MW community solar program at 2.25 THB/kWh launched in October 2025.

What Is a Feed-in Tariff and How Does Thailand’s Program Work?

Thailand’s FiT guarantees renewable generators a fixed price per kWh sold to the grid under a 25-year Power Purchase Agreement — unlike net billing, which pays households for excess rooftop solar at 2.20 THB/kWh over 10 years, FiT targets commercial-scale producers selling their entire output to the national grid. The ERC sets the tariff rate; EGAT, MEA, or PEA acts as offtaker depending on system size; and the NEPC approves total procurement volumes.

Think of FiT as the wholesale side of renewable energy pricing. A developer builds a 20 MW solar farm, signs a 25-year PPA with EGAT at 2.1679 THB/kWh, and sends every unit of electricity to the grid at that guaranteed price. There’s no self-consumption — everything goes out. That revenue certainty over 25 years is what makes project financing possible.

Who’s in the chain: EPPO coordinates energy policy and feeds into the Power Development Plan (PDP). ERC issues tariff rules and awards contracts. EGAT handles transmission-scale SPP projects (10–90 MW). MEA covers Bangkok, Samut Prakan, and Nonthaburi for small producers. PEA covers the rest of the country for VSPP projects up to 10 MW.

The FiT program is explicitly for companies, not individuals. A household with a 5 kWp rooftop system is not FiT-eligible — that’s the net billing program, which runs separately and is currently on a quota hold.

According to the ERC’s September 2022 notification, all current FiT contracts are classified as “non-firm” — meaning the generator isn’t obligated to deliver power continuously and isn’t penalized for variability. The partial-firm classification applies only to solar paired with battery storage, which earns a premium rate in exchange for a defined dispatchability commitment.

Current FiT Rates — What Each Technology Earns per kWh

Under Thailand’s 2022 FiT scheme, ground-mount solar earns 2.1679 THB/kWh, wind earns 3.1014 THB/kWh, and biogas from wastewater or solid waste earns 2.0724 THB/kWh — all under 25-year non-firm PPAs signed with EGAT, MEA, or PEA (ERC Notification, Sep 2022, via Watson Farley & Williams, 2022). Projects in Thailand’s five southernmost provinces receive an additional 0.50 THB/kWh on top of the base rate.

The southern border premium covers projects in Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat, and parts of Songkhla. It’s designed to attract investment to provinces where grid infrastructure is less developed and security considerations raise project costs.

Solar paired with storage earns 31% more than standalone ground-mount (2.8331 vs 2.1679 THB/kWh). That premium exists because partial-firm capacity has direct grid value — it reduces the operator’s need to buy backup power from gas peakers during evening demand peaks when solar generation falls. The ERC essentially priced the storage premium to reflect the avoided cost of that gas backup.

According to a 2022 ERC notification cited by Watson Farley & Williams, solar FiT rates under the current scheme are 2.1679 THB/kWh for ground-mount and 2.8331 THB/kWh for solar with battery storage — a 31% premium reflecting the grid stability value of dispatchable renewable capacity. Wind earns 3.1014 THB/kWh, the highest non-firm rate in the program, partly because Thailand’s best wind resources are concentrated in areas distant from major load centers, making grid delivery more expensive.

From ADDER to FiT — How Thailand’s Renewable Energy Policy Evolved

Thailand’s renewable energy incentive history stretches back to 2007, when the “ADDER” program launched — paying solar producers a 8 THB/kWh bonus on top of regular electricity market prices, with wind and biogas receiving variable add-on rates (Solar Magazine, 2021). A surge in applications forced a moratorium and a cut to 6.50 THB/kWh for solar by 2010, before ADDER was officially abolished in 2015 and replaced by a fixed FiT model.

The timeline shows how quickly the policy environment has shifted:

• 2007: ADDER launched — solar at 8 THB/kWh above market, wind/biogas at variable rates
• 2010: Solar ADDER cut to 6.50 THB/kWh after oversubscription moratorium
• 2015: ADDER abolished; ERC introduces the fixed FiT model (all-in rate, not a bonus)
• 2017: FiT 2017 scheme — solar starting at 5.66 declining to 4.12 THB/kWh over the contract term
• 2022: Current FiT scheme — 5,203 MW total quota, ERC notification issued September 2022
• December 2024: NEPC defers 3,668 MW additional round; renegotiations directed by July 2025
• October 2025: Community solar program launches — 1,500 MW at 2.25 THB/kWh, projects ≤10 MW

Solar FiT rates have dropped roughly 73% from the ADDER peak (8.00 → 2.17 THB/kWh) while installed solar module costs have fallen approximately 90% over the same period. The ERC has tracked the cost curve closely — each rate revision has followed module price benchmarks, not political cycles. That discipline has kept Thailand’s program financially sustainable even as it scaled from tens of megawatts to thousands.

The structural shift from ADDER (a bonus on top of market prices) to fixed FiT (a guaranteed all-in rate) mattered for project finance. Under ADDER, revenue varied with electricity market prices plus the bonus — making long-term debt modeling uncertain. Fixed FiT gave lenders a bankable revenue stream with no market price exposure, which is why Thailand’s renewable project financing deepened significantly after 2015.

Who Qualifies for Thailand’s FiT Program?

Only Thai-registered companies qualify for FiT — no individuals — with foreign ownership capped at 49% and minimum registered capital of 2,000 THB per contracted kW of capacity, plus a deposit of 1,000 THB/kW (Watson Farley & Williams, 2022). These requirements filter out small-scale investors and ensure applicants have the financial standing to complete construction.

The VSPP and SPP thresholds determine which offtaker a project connects to:

• VSPP (Very Small Power Producer): ≤10 MW — sells to MEA (Bangkok metro) or PEA (provincial areas)
• SPP (Small Power Producer): 10–90 MW — sells to EGAT, uses the national transmission grid

The agency responsible for your project changes based on geography and scale:

Thailand’s AEDP targets 29,411 MW of renewable capacity by 2037 — solar (ground-mount, rooftop, and floating) accounts for roughly 50% of that target at 14,864 MW combined, with the remaining capacity spread across biomass, hydro, wind, biogas, and waste-to-energy (climate-laws.org, citing AEDP 2018–2037). Reaching this target will require multiple new FiT procurement rounds beyond the 2022 scheme.

What Is the Current Status of FiT Quotas?

The 2022 FiT scheme allocated 5,203 MW across four technologies — but the picture in 2025–2026 is more complicated than that headline number suggests. Solar with battery storage (1,200 MW) is fully subscribed and closed to new applicants. The remaining 3,668.5 MW from the additional 2024 procurement round was deferred by the NEPC in December 2024 over concerns about corporate favoritism in the selection process, with renegotiations directed to complete by July 29, 2025 (Nation Thailand, Dec 2024).

Thailand’s NEPC deferral of 3,668 MW in December 2024 stalled renewable procurement for the largest corporate applicants — citing public-interest concerns — while the community solar program capped at 10 MW per project moved forward. According to Watson Farley & Williams reporting on the negotiations (May 2025), wind projects received first priority in the additional round’s 600 MW allocation.

The December 2024 deferral and the simultaneous launch of the October 2025 community solar program signal a deliberate policy shift: large-scale corporate renewable procurement is under political scrutiny, while smaller community-scale FiT projects (≤10 MW, 1,500 MW total, 2.25 THB/kWh) are being accelerated. Developers watching Thailand’s market should note that the policy risk isn’t disappearing — it’s migrating from scale to ownership structure.

The community solar program targets 300-plus communities and accepts applications on a first-come-first-served basis through the VSPP track. At 2.25 THB/kWh for 25 years, the rate sits between the ground-mount solar FiT (2.17) and the solar+storage FiT (2.83), making it viable for small developers with lower capital costs.

FiT vs Net Billing — Which Program Applies to You?

FiT is for commercial-scale producers — Thai-registered companies, systems 10 kW to 90 MW, 25-year contracts. Net billing is for residential households — systems up to 10 kWp, earning 2.20 THB/kWh for excess export, on 10-year agreements (Krungsri Research, 2024). Most people asking about “selling solar to the grid” actually qualify for net billing, not FiT — the two programs have entirely different agencies, eligibility rules, and contract terms.

For a 5 kWp residential rooftop system, net billing at 2.20 THB/kWh applies — FiT requires a company registration and a minimum 10 kW contracted capacity. The two programs are distinct products targeting different market segments, built around different risk profiles and different revenue timelines.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the current FiT rate for solar in Thailand?

Ground-mount solar earns 2.1679 THB/kWh under Thailand’s 2022 FiT scheme, under a 25-year non-firm PPA (ERC Notification, September 2022). Solar paired with battery storage earns 2.8331 THB/kWh — a 31% premium — for providing partial-firm dispatchable capacity to the grid operator.

Can individuals apply for Thailand’s FiT program?

No — only Thai-registered companies with minimum capital of 2,000 THB per contracted kW and foreign ownership no greater than 49% can apply. Individual homeowners and residents use the separate net billing program, which pays 2.20 THB/kWh for excess residential solar export on 10-year agreements.

Is the FiT program accepting new applications in 2025–2026?

New applications are limited. Solar+storage (1,200 MW) is fully subscribed and closed. The 3,668 MW additional 2024 round remains under renegotiation following the NEPC deferral of December 2024. The community solar program (1,500 MW, 2.25 THB/kWh, ≤10 MW per project) launched in October 2025 and accepts first-come applications.

How long has Thailand had a feed-in tariff program?

Thailand’s renewable incentive history dates to 2007, when the ADDER program paid solar producers 8 THB/kWh above market electricity rates. The modern fixed FiT replaced ADDER in 2015, with the current 2022 scheme covering 5,203 MW of renewable capacity through approximately 2030.

What’s the difference between FiT and net billing in Thailand?

FiT is a 25-year commercial contract for large-scale producers (10 kW to 90 MW, company registration required). Net billing pays residential households 2.20 THB/kWh for excess solar exported to the grid, on 10-year agreements without commercial registration requirements. Different agencies, different rates, and different eligible applicants — they don’t overlap.

Conclusion

Thailand’s feed-in tariff program has moved through three distinct phases — the ADDER bonus era (2007–2015), the fixed FiT era (2015–present), and now a community-scale transition that’s accelerating even while corporate-scale procurement stalls. Rates today run from 2.07 THB/kWh for biogas to 3.10 THB/kWh for wind, under 25-year PPAs that make project debt financing viable.

The key facts for 2025–2026:
– FiT rates range from 2.07 (biogas) to 3.10 (wind) THB/kWh — all 25-year non-firm PPAs
– Solar+storage quota (1,200 MW) is fully subscribed and closed
– The 3,668 MW 2024 additional round is in renegotiation — watch for NEPC updates post-July 2025
– Community solar (2.25 THB/kWh, ≤10 MW) is the newest open pathway, launched October 2025
– Only Thai-registered companies with foreign ownership ≤49% qualify — individuals use net billing

Thailand’s AEDP requires 29,411 MW of renewable energy by 2037. That will require new procurement rounds. The question isn’t whether new FiT allocations come — it’s whether they favor corporate-scale or community-scale developers. The December 2024 deferral suggests the policy is leaning toward the latter.